// This file is part of Eigen, a lightweight C++ template library
// for linear algebra.
//
// Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Benoit Jacob <jacob.benoit.1@gmail.com>
//
// Eigen is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
// License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// Alternatively, you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
// published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
// the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// Eigen is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
// FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License or the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
// License and a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
// Eigen. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

#ifndef EIGEN_TRANSPOSE_H
#define EIGEN_TRANSPOSE_H

/** \class Transpose
  *
  * \brief Expression of the transpose of a matrix
  *
  * \param MatrixType the type of the object of which we are taking the transpose
  *
  * This class represents an expression of the transpose of a matrix.
  * It is the return type of MatrixBase::transpose() and MatrixBase::adjoint()
  * and most of the time this is the only way it is used.
  *
  * \sa MatrixBase::transpose(), MatrixBase::adjoint()
  */
template<typename MatrixType>
struct ei_traits<Transpose<MatrixType> >
{
  typedef typename MatrixType::Scalar Scalar;
  typedef typename ei_nested<MatrixType>::type MatrixTypeNested;
  typedef typename ei_unref<MatrixTypeNested>::type _MatrixTypeNested;
  enum {
    RowsAtCompileTime = MatrixType::ColsAtCompileTime,
    ColsAtCompileTime = MatrixType::RowsAtCompileTime,
    MaxRowsAtCompileTime = MatrixType::MaxColsAtCompileTime,
    MaxColsAtCompileTime = MatrixType::MaxRowsAtCompileTime,
    Flags = ((int(_MatrixTypeNested::Flags) ^ RowMajorBit)
          & ~(LowerTriangularBit | UpperTriangularBit))
          | (int(_MatrixTypeNested::Flags)&UpperTriangularBit ? LowerTriangularBit : 0)
          | (int(_MatrixTypeNested::Flags)&LowerTriangularBit ? UpperTriangularBit : 0),
    CoeffReadCost = _MatrixTypeNested::CoeffReadCost
  };
};

template<typename MatrixType> class Transpose
  : public MatrixBase<Transpose<MatrixType> >
{
  public:

    EIGEN_GENERIC_PUBLIC_INTERFACE(Transpose)

    inline Transpose(const MatrixType& matrix) : m_matrix(matrix) {}

    EIGEN_INHERIT_ASSIGNMENT_OPERATORS(Transpose)

    inline int rows() const { return m_matrix.cols(); }
    inline int cols() const { return m_matrix.rows(); }
    inline int stride() const { return m_matrix.stride(); }
    inline Scalar* data() { return m_matrix.data(); }
    inline const Scalar* data() const { return m_matrix.data(); }

    inline Scalar& coeffRef(int row, int col)
    {
      return m_matrix.const_cast_derived().coeffRef(col, row);
    }

    inline Scalar& coeffRef(int index)
    {
      return m_matrix.const_cast_derived().coeffRef(index);
    }

    inline const CoeffReturnType coeff(int row, int col) const
    {
      return m_matrix.coeff(col, row);
    }

    inline const CoeffReturnType coeff(int index) const
    {
      return m_matrix.coeff(index);
    }

    template<int LoadMode>
    inline const PacketScalar packet(int row, int col) const
    {
      return m_matrix.template packet<LoadMode>(col, row);
    }

    template<int LoadMode>
    inline void writePacket(int row, int col, const PacketScalar& x)
    {
      m_matrix.const_cast_derived().template writePacket<LoadMode>(col, row, x);
    }

    template<int LoadMode>
    inline const PacketScalar packet(int index) const
    {
      return m_matrix.template packet<LoadMode>(index);
    }

    template<int LoadMode>
    inline void writePacket(int index, const PacketScalar& x)
    {
      m_matrix.const_cast_derived().template writePacket<LoadMode>(index, x);
    }

    /** \internal used for introspection */
    const typename ei_cleantype<typename MatrixType::Nested>::type&
    _expression() const { return m_matrix; }

  protected:
    const typename MatrixType::Nested m_matrix;
};

/** \returns an expression of the transpose of *this.
  *
  * Example: \include MatrixBase_transpose.cpp
  * Output: \verbinclude MatrixBase_transpose.out
  *
  * \warning If you want to replace a matrix by its own transpose, do \b NOT do this:
  * \code
  * m = m.transpose(); // bug!!! caused by aliasing effect
  * \endcode
  * Instead, use the transposeInPlace() method:
  * \code
  * m.transposeInPlace();
  * \endcode
  * which gives Eigen good opportunities for optimization, or alternatively you can also do:
  * \code
  * m = m.transpose().eval();
  * \endcode
  *
  * \sa transposeInPlace(), adjoint() */
template<typename Derived>
inline Transpose<Derived>
MatrixBase<Derived>::transpose()
{
  return derived();
}

/** This is the const version of transpose().
  *
  * Make sure you read the warning for transpose() !
  *
  * \sa transposeInPlace(), adjoint() */
template<typename Derived>
inline const Transpose<Derived>
MatrixBase<Derived>::transpose() const
{
  return derived();
}

/** \returns an expression of the adjoint (i.e. conjugate transpose) of *this.
  *
  * Example: \include MatrixBase_adjoint.cpp
  * Output: \verbinclude MatrixBase_adjoint.out
  *
  * \warning If you want to replace a matrix by its own adjoint, do \b NOT do this:
  * \code
  * m = m.adjoint(); // bug!!! caused by aliasing effect
  * \endcode
  * Instead, use the adjointInPlace() method:
  * \code
  * m.adjointInPlace();
  * \endcode
  * which gives Eigen good opportunities for optimization, or alternatively you can also do:
  * \code
  * m = m.adjoint().eval();
  * \endcode
  *
  * \sa adjointInPlace(), transpose(), conjugate(), class Transpose, class ei_scalar_conjugate_op */
template<typename Derived>
inline const typename MatrixBase<Derived>::AdjointReturnType
MatrixBase<Derived>::adjoint() const
{
  return transpose();
}

/***************************************************************************
* "in place" transpose implementation
***************************************************************************/

template<typename MatrixType,
  bool IsSquare = (MatrixType::RowsAtCompileTime == MatrixType::ColsAtCompileTime) && MatrixType::RowsAtCompileTime!=Dynamic>
struct ei_inplace_transpose_selector;

template<typename MatrixType>
struct ei_inplace_transpose_selector<MatrixType,true> { // square matrix
  static void run(MatrixType& m) {
    m.template triangularView<StrictlyUpperTriangular>().swap(m.transpose());
  }
};

template<typename MatrixType>
struct ei_inplace_transpose_selector<MatrixType,false> { // non square matrix
  static void run(MatrixType& m) {
    if (m.rows()==m.cols())
      m.template triangularView<StrictlyUpperTriangular>().swap(m.transpose());
    else
      m = m.transpose().eval();
  }
};

/** This is the "in place" version of transpose(): it replaces \c *this by its own transpose.
  * Thus, doing
  * \code
  * m.transposeInPlace();
  * \endcode
  * has the same effect on m as doing
  * \code
  * m = m.transpose().eval();
  * \endcode
  * and is faster and also safer because in the latter line of code, forgetting the eval() results
  * in a bug caused by aliasing.
  *
  * Notice however that this method is only useful if you want to replace a matrix by its own transpose.
  * If you just need the transpose of a matrix, use transpose().
  *
  * \note if the matrix is not square, then \c *this must be a resizable matrix.
  *
  * \sa transpose(), adjoint(), adjointInPlace() */
template<typename Derived>
inline void MatrixBase<Derived>::transposeInPlace()
{
  ei_inplace_transpose_selector<Derived>::run(derived());
}

/***************************************************************************
* "in place" adjoint implementation
***************************************************************************/

/** This is the "in place" version of adjoint(): it replaces \c *this by its own transpose.
  * Thus, doing
  * \code
  * m.adjointInPlace();
  * \endcode
  * has the same effect on m as doing
  * \code
  * m = m.adjoint().eval();
  * \endcode
  * and is faster and also safer because in the latter line of code, forgetting the eval() results
  * in a bug caused by aliasing.
  *
  * Notice however that this method is only useful if you want to replace a matrix by its own adjoint.
  * If you just need the adjoint of a matrix, use adjoint().
  *
  * \note if the matrix is not square, then \c *this must be a resizable matrix.
  *
  * \sa transpose(), adjoint(), transposeInPlace() */
template<typename Derived>
inline void MatrixBase<Derived>::adjointInPlace()
{
  derived() = adjoint().eval();
}

#ifndef EIGEN_NO_DEBUG

// The following is to detect aliasing problems in the following common cases:
// a = a.transpose()
// a = a.transpose() + X
// a = X + a.transpose()
// a = a.adjoint()
// a = a.adjoint() + X
// a = X + a.adjoint()

template<typename T, int Access=ei_blas_traits<T>::ActualAccess>
struct ei_extract_data_selector {
  static typename T::Scalar* run(const T& m)
  {
    return &ei_blas_traits<T>::extract(m).const_cast_derived().coeffRef(0,0);
  }
};

template<typename T>
struct ei_extract_data_selector<T,NoDirectAccess> {
  static typename T::Scalar* run(const T&) { return 0; }
};

template<typename T> typename T::Scalar* ei_extract_data(const T& m)
{
  return ei_extract_data_selector<T>::run(m);
}

template<typename Derived>
template<typename OtherDerived>
Derived& MatrixBase<Derived>::lazyAssign(const Transpose<OtherDerived>& other)
{
  ei_assert(ei_extract_data(other) != ei_extract_data(derived())
            && "aliasing detected during tranposition, please use transposeInPlace()");
  return lazyAssign(static_cast<const MatrixBase<Transpose<OtherDerived> >& >(other));
}

template<typename Derived>
template<typename DerivedA, typename DerivedB>
Derived& MatrixBase<Derived>::
lazyAssign(const CwiseBinaryOp<ei_scalar_sum_op<Scalar>,Transpose<DerivedA>,DerivedB>& other)
{
  ei_assert(ei_extract_data(derived()) != ei_extract_data(other.lhs())
            && "aliasing detected during tranposition, please evaluate your expression");
  return lazyAssign(static_cast<const MatrixBase<CwiseBinaryOp<ei_scalar_sum_op<Scalar>,Transpose<DerivedA>,DerivedB> >& >(other));
}

template<typename Derived>
template<typename DerivedA, typename DerivedB>
Derived& MatrixBase<Derived>::
lazyAssign(const CwiseBinaryOp<ei_scalar_sum_op<Scalar>,DerivedA,Transpose<DerivedB> >& other)
{
  ei_assert(ei_extract_data(derived()) != ei_extract_data(other.rhs())
            && "aliasing detected during tranposition, please evaluate your expression");
  return lazyAssign(static_cast<const MatrixBase<CwiseBinaryOp<ei_scalar_sum_op<Scalar>,DerivedA,Transpose<DerivedB> > >& >(other));
}

template<typename Derived>
template<typename OtherDerived> Derived&
MatrixBase<Derived>::
lazyAssign(const CwiseUnaryOp<ei_scalar_conjugate_op<Scalar>, Eigen::Transpose<OtherDerived> >& other)
{
  ei_assert(ei_extract_data(other) != ei_extract_data(derived())
            && "aliasing detected during tranposition, please use adjointInPlace()");
  return lazyAssign(static_cast<const MatrixBase<CwiseUnaryOp<ei_scalar_conjugate_op<Scalar>, Eigen::Transpose<OtherDerived> > >& >(other));
}

template<typename Derived>
template<typename DerivedA, typename DerivedB>
Derived& MatrixBase<Derived>::
lazyAssign(const CwiseBinaryOp<ei_scalar_sum_op<Scalar>,CwiseUnaryOp<ei_scalar_conjugate_op<Scalar>, Eigen::Transpose<DerivedA> >,DerivedB>& other)
{
  ei_assert(ei_extract_data(derived()) != ei_extract_data(other.lhs())
            && "aliasing detected during tranposition, please evaluate your expression");
  return lazyAssign(static_cast<const MatrixBase<CwiseBinaryOp<ei_scalar_sum_op<Scalar>,CwiseUnaryOp<ei_scalar_conjugate_op<Scalar>, Eigen::Transpose<DerivedA> >,DerivedB> >& >(other));
}

template<typename Derived>
template<typename DerivedA, typename DerivedB>
Derived& MatrixBase<Derived>::
lazyAssign(const CwiseBinaryOp<ei_scalar_sum_op<Scalar>,DerivedA,CwiseUnaryOp<ei_scalar_conjugate_op<Scalar>, Eigen::Transpose<DerivedB> > >& other)
{
  ei_assert(ei_extract_data(derived()) != ei_extract_data(other.rhs())
            && "aliasing detected during tranposition, please evaluate your expression");
  return lazyAssign(static_cast<const MatrixBase<CwiseBinaryOp<ei_scalar_sum_op<Scalar>,DerivedA,CwiseUnaryOp<ei_scalar_conjugate_op<Scalar>, Eigen::Transpose<DerivedB> > > >& >(other));
}
#endif

#endif // EIGEN_TRANSPOSE_H